![]() ![]() The boy had died two days after being sent home from school with complaints of stomach pains. In 2003 Massachusetts state and local prosecutors and agency officials investigated whether parents of a 7-year-old, who became fatally ill from an undiagnosed case of diabetes, should be charged. Courts struggle to balance rights of parents and children 1993), Massachusetts’s highest court overturned their conviction, ruling that the couple had not received a fair trial. In 1988 Ginger and David Twitchell were charged with manslaughter in the death of their 2-year-old son, whom they had sought to treat through spiritual means for a bowel obstruction. A number of controversies have involved Christian Scientists, who believe in healing through prayer. The clash over the free exercise of religion and medical treatment has not been restricted to Jehovah’s Witnesses. (AP Photo/Tony Camerano, used with permission from the Associated Press) Christian Scientists also oppose transfusions His plea came after nine cases, including two fatalities, were reported. Crowds turned out after Health Commissioner Israel Weinstein's radio plea that the public be vaccinated. Brunsfeld, right, vaccinate two unidentified women for smallpox April 14,1947, as others await their turn in New York City Health Department building. Massachusetts (1905), the Supreme Court had upheld compulsory smallpox vaccinations despite individual religious beliefs, ruling that personal freedoms must at times be relinquished for the benefits of the larger society.In this photo, Dr. Another medical First Amendment issue is whether the state can intervene in the place of a parent. Another Jehovah’s Witness, injured in a road accident, refused blood and was transferred to Chicago to receive an experimental blood substitute, but died. In 1982 in Chicago, a Jehovah’s Witness with a leg amputation was given court-ordered blood transfusions to keep him alive so that his children would have a father. A 41-year-old woman, whose refusal of blood because of her religious beliefs was backed by a judge, died. In similar cases, a Milwaukee judge refused to order blood transfusions for a 6-year-old boy whose mother objected. The Illinois Supreme Court ruled in the case of In re Estate of Brooks (1965) that a county judge’s ordered transfusion for a Jehovah’s Witness was an unconstitutional invasion of a person’s religious beliefs. Focusing on the imminent threat to the woman’s life, Judge Wright ordered the transfusions. Skelly Wright met with the couple, who reiterated their opposition, while the physicians affirmed the matter’s urgency. ![]() She and her husband, who had a young child, refused the transfusion, so the hospital turned to the federal court for an immediate order permitting it to act to save Jones’s life. Jones, a 25 year-old Jehovah’s Witness, needed an urgent blood transfusion to prevent her death from a ruptured ulcer. In 1962 a New York state judge ruled that 69-year-old Jacob Dilgard could refuse a blood transfusion on religious grounds. Jehovah's Witnesses oppose blood transfusions The First Amendment guarantees the free exercise of religion, but debate continues over whether it prevails when medical practitioners determine that conventional medical therapies are necessary but individuals or their families are opposed for reasons of conscience. (AP Photo/Damian Dovarganes, used with permission from the Associated Press) This "bloodless" approach, done largely to accommodate religious believes of the family, who are Jehovah's Witnesses, could eventually become a routine protocol in pediatric liver transplant surgeries at the hospital. In what is believed to be the first "bloodless" liver transplant, doctors at the hospital have transplanted part of the liver of Vicky Rush into her seven-month old grandson, without using blood transfusions. ![]() 21, 2001 during a news conference at Childrens Hospital in Los Angeles. Nicolas Jabbour, right, holds a liver model as he shows Vicky Rush, left, what part of her liver was transplanted into her grandson Aiden Michael Rush, not seen, Wednesday, Feb. Jehovah’s Witnesses’ refusal to accept blood transfusions is one example of this conflict. ![]() ![]()
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